Phased Array and TOFD probes

Phased Array and TOFD probes

分类: Phased Array and TOFD Probes 当前有货
欲了解更多详情,请游览我们的官方网站 ndte.com.my

详情

Phased Array Probe

 One phased array probe consists of many small elements, each one can be pulsed on separately. The structure of the phased array probe is like putting many single element probes into one probe.
 


Advantage of Phased Array Probe
 
Small Size and Multi-channel
 



One small phased array probe can take place of multiple conventional probes to access some difficult-to-reach area.


 
 
For one phased array probe, multi groups of element and multi angles can be applied for scanning at the same time, fully covering the welding area and enhancing the inspection efficiency.
 

 
 Faster Inspection Efficiency
 
Conventional UT adopts the raster scanning achieved by the connection of probe and encoder, which is an order of magnitude slower than the phased array technology with electronic scanning.

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Higher Inspection Efficiency
 
Conventional probes adopts raster scanning, which is an order of magnitude slower than the phased array technology with electronic scanning.

SIUI can Provide a Variety of Probes for Different Kinds of Inspections
 
 
 
 
Custom Phased Array Probes

 

     
Near-Wall Probe   Flexible PA Probe         Matrix PA Probe    
SIUI can pce custom phased array probes to suit specific                          
applications and geometries.                          
For custom probe, please provide following info:                          
  Frequency   Number   Pitch Active
Frequency      
        of           aperture
Number of elements, pitch and elevation                  
  MHz   elements     mm mm
Probe type (angle beam, immersion, integrated wedge, matrix)      
Array shape (flat, curve)       X   Y   X     Y X Y
Cable jacket required   2.0 3   10 5   3 15 30
Cable length                          
  5.0 8   8 1   1 8 8
Connector type      
                         
Housing and/or dimension constraints   Custom Matrix Array Probe Specification  
Application    
                         
Comparable UT single element transducer                          

 
 

 
 

 
 
Standard Phased Array Probes

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Linear                            1.5-D array                                         2-D array

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Convex                                                   Concave

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Skewing                            Variable angle                 Dual linear                                   Dual 1.5-D

Ordering Code for Phased Array Probe
 
 
 
7.5L128-0.5-10-N-P-110-2.0-T1

Frequency                                         Connector Type
                                       
Array Mode                               Cable Length
                     
Element Number                   Electric Capacity
                   
Array Pitch                       Cable Type
                     
Elevation                   Coupling Type
                 
For Example                            
                                           
Frequency Array Pitch Electric Capacity
7.5=7.5MHz Unit: mm Electric capacity each meter.
                0.5=0.5mm   110=110pF for one meter;
Array Mode Elevation   50=50pF for one meter.
L=Linear Unit: mm Cable Length
C=Convex 10=10mm Unit: m
V=Concave             2.0=2 meters
M=Matrix Coupling Type Connector Type
                N is coupled by wedge. I is coupled by   T1= Tyco TC ZIF 260P
Element Number immersion. E is coupled by integrated   P1=Omni Connector
128=128 elements wedge.   H1=Hypertronics
                            D1=DL-156P
                Cable Type   D2=DL-96P
                P=PVC wrap   D5=DL-260P
                Metal armor and radiation proof wrap   C1=High Density 78 Way D-Type

can be provided.
 
Other parameters can be added after the model name following the suffix form in “-”.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
D5                                    P1                                       T1                                            C1                                      H1

 
 
 
SIUI can provide PA probes with different connectors compatible with PA equipments from other manufacturers.

Universal Probes
 
Small/ Medium/ Large-Size & Low Frequency Probes

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
H
 H
 
L W L W
Small-size Linear Array Probe   Medium-size Linear Array Probe
 
Superior Features:
 
Sound Beam angle, focusing and scan step can be electronically controlled;
 
Wide scan coverage can be achieved by one single probe; Replaceable angle wedge and delay block, with customizable surface curvature;
 
Array pitch and elevation can be customized.


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
H
H
 
L    
W L W
 
Large-size Linear Array Probe Low Frequency Probe  
 
Typical Application
 
Small-size Linear Array Probe
 
--good for inspection on limited space;
 
Medium-size Linear Array Probe
 
--suitable for a wide range of applications;
 
Large-size Linear Array Probe
 
--inspections of cracks on plate-type pieces;
 
Low Frequency Probe
 
--inspection on thick plates or noisy or granular material.

 
  Frequency Number Pitch   Active Housing Dimension
Probe Model   of     aperture   (mm)  
  MHz elements mm   mm L W H
    Small-size Linear Array Probe        
2.5L8-1.0-9 2.5 8 1   8 15 28 28
                 
4.0L16-0.5-9 4 16 0.5   8 15 28 33.5
5.0L16-0.5-9 5 16 0.5   8 15 28 33.5
                 
5.0L16-0.6-10 5 16 0.6   9.6 17 28 33.5
7.5L16-0.5-9 7.5 16 0.5   8 15 28 33.5
                 
10L16-0.5-9 10 16 0.5   8 15 28 33.5
  Medium-size Linear Array Probe      
2.5L16-1.0-10 2.5 16 1   16 28 31 33
                 
5.0L32-0.5-10 5 32 0.5   16 28 31 33
5.0L32-0.6-10 5 32 0.6   19.2 32 31 33
                 
7.5L32-0.5-10 7.5 32 0.5   16 28 31 33
    Large-size Linear Array Probe        
5.0L64-1.0-10 5 64 1   64 84 36 36
                 
5.0L64-0.5-10 5 64 0.5   32 45 31 33
5.0L64-0.6-10 5 64 0.6   38.4 52 31 33
                 
5.0L128-0.5-10 5 128 0.5   64 84 36 36
7.5L64-1.0-10 7.5 64 1   64 84 36 36
                 
7.5L128-0.5-10 7.5 128 0.5   64 84 36 36
    Low Frequency Probe        
2.0L32-1.0-10 2 32 1   32 45 31 33
                 
1.5L16-2.0-10 1.5 16 2   32 45 31 33
                 

 
The probes are equipped with standard 2m cable.

Immersion Probes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
H
 
 
W
 
L
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
H
 
R
 
L
 
 W


 
Immersion Linear Array Probe
 
Superior Features:
 
Sound Beam angle, focusing and scan step can be electronically controlled;
 
Wide scan coverage can be achieved by one single probe; *Probe size and outer housing can be customized.
 
Typical Application:
 
Suitable for underwater inspection;
 
Inspection of thin plate or tubing (steel, aluminum, or other);
 
Composite inspection for delamination;
 
Inline thickness gaging;
 
Automated scanning.
 
 
 
 
 
Immersion Curved Array Probe
 
Superior Features:
 
Adopt immersion method for inspection;
 
Sound Beam angle, focusing and scan step can be electronically controlled;
 
Wide scan coverage can be achieved by one single probe; The curvature radius of curved probes can be customized; *Different parameters can be customized.
.
 
Typical Application:
 
Suitable for underwater inspection; Inspection of tubing;
 
Inspection of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) corners; Inspection of composite materials for delamination.

 
    Frequency Number   Pitch Active
  Probe Model   of     aperture
    MHz elements   mm mm
    Immersion Linear Array Probe      
  5.0L64-0.6-10-I 5 64   0.6 38  
               
  5.0L64-1.0-10-I 5 64   1 64  
  7.5L128-0.39-6-I 7.5 128   0.39 50  
               
Small-size immersion curved array probe 7.5L128-0.6-6-I 7.5 128   0.6 76.8  
  2.0L64-0.6-10-I 2.0 64   0.6 64  
               
    Immersion Curved Array Probe      
  3.5V128-0.6-10-R65-I 3.5 128   0.6 /  
               
  3.5V64-1.6-12-R65-I 3.5 64   1.6 /  
  5.0V64-1.0-10-R40-I 5.0 64   1.0 /  
               
  10.0V128-0.6-10-R40-I 10.0 128   0.6 /  
               

 
 
The probes are equipped with standard 2m cable.
 
Large-size immersion curved array probe      Housing dimension can be customized.

High Penetration Probe & Small Footprint Probe
 
 
 
High Penetration Probes

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
H
 
 
L            W


Superior Features:
 
Good resolution and high penetration;
 
Replaceable angle wedge and delay block, with customizable surface curvature;
 
Array pitch and elevation can be customized.
 
Typical Application:
 
Detection of flaws and sizing;
 
Inspections of defects in forgings;
 
Inspection on noisy or granular material.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
H

 
 
W
 
L


 
 
 
 
 
Small Footprint Probe
 
 
Superior Features:
 
Compact size;
 
Cable connector can come out from either the side or the top; Replaceable angle wedge and delay block, with customizable surface curvature;
 
Array pitch and elevation can be customized.
 
Typical Application:
 
Inspection on limited space;
 
Detection of flaws and sizing;
 
Inspection on reduced probe access, or with surfaces with complex geometry.

 
 
 
 
 
 
  Frequency Number Pitch Active Housing Dimension
Probe Model   of   aperture   (mm)  
  MHz elements mm mm L W H
    High Penetration Probe        
2.5L16-1.2-20 2.5 16 1.2 19.2 40 48 29
               
5.0L32-0.6-20 5 32 0.6 19.2 40 48 29
    Small Footprint Probe        
5.0L10-0.6-6 5 10 0.6 6 13 10 23
               
7.5L10-0.6-6 7.5 10 0.6 6 13 10 23
10.0L10-0.6-6 10.0 10 0.6 6 10 10 23
               

 
The probes are equipped with standard 2m cable.

Wedge for Phased Array Probe
 
 
 
Superior Features:
 
Variable angles in steel for selection.
 
Wedges with different specifications can be made.
 
Compatible with crawler.
 
Anti-wear structure design are available.
 
Wedges with curvature can be made on request.
 
 
 
64N55S                    64N00L-20      16N00L-40                                     8N55S               8N00L-40                                     8N00L-20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Array Length                       Pipe Diameter
                     
                     
Probe Mounting                   Curvature Type
         
Refracted Angle in Steel                 Irrigation
               
Wave Type                  
                 
                             
 
 
 
For Example

 
Active Aperture Refracted Angle in Steel Curvature Type
64=Compatible phased 55=55° AOD, COD, AID, CID are available.
array probe is 64mm. Wave Type AOD=Axial outside diameter
Active Aperture= Pitch × S=Shear wave in steel COD=Circumferential outside
Elements L=longitudinal wave in steel diameter
    AID=Axial inside diameter
Probe Mounting Irrigation CID=Circumferential inside
N=Normal I=Irrigation diameter
L=Skew (in lateral direction) Note: without “I” is non-irrigation Pipe Diameter
   
    Pipe diameter in mm.
    AOD and COD is the outside diameter.
    AID and CID is the inside diameter.
    80=80mm
     


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wedge Description X XT Z   Velocity Refracted L W H
Model           Ang      
  mm mm mm   m/s mm mm mm
       
      Standard Wedge          
64N00L-20 20mm delay block 73.5 10.5 20   2360 84 35.6 20
                     
64N00L-40 40mm delay block 73.5 10.5 40   2360 84 35.6 40
64N55S 30-70° 108.67 8.93 14.48   2360 55° 117.6 36 58.5
shear wave angle block  
                   
                     
16N00L-20 20mm delay block 21.75 6.25 20   2360 28 31 20
16N00L-40 40mm delay block 21.75 6.25 40   2360 28 31 40
                     
16N55S 30-70° 34.94 5.06 9.74   2360 55° 40 31 22.5
shear wave angle block  
                   
8N00L-20 20mm delay block 11.25 3.75 20   2360 15 28 20
                     
8N00L-40 40mm delay block 11.25 3.75 40   2360 15 28 40
8N55S 30-70° 21.69 3.31 8.4   2360 55° 25 28 15
shear wave angle block  
                   
                     
40N00L-20 20mm delay block 44.9 7.1 20   2360 52 31 20
40N00L-40 40mm delay block 44.9 7.1 40   2360 52 31 40
                     
40N55S 30-70° 73.24 7.76 13.64   2360 55° 81 31 41.5
shear wave angle block  
                   
32N00L-20 20mm delay block 38 7 20   2360 45 31 20
                     
32N00L-40 40mm delay block 38 7 40   2360 45 31 40
32N55S 30-70° 64.44 7.56 13.49   2360 55° 72 31 37.5
shear wave angle block  
                   
                     
20N00L-20 20mm delay block 25.3 6.7 20   2360 32 31 20
20N00L-40 40mm delay block 25.3 6.7 40   2360 32 31 40
                     
20N55S 30-70° 52.58 5.42 18.94   2360 55° 58 31 35.5
shear wave angle block  
                   
10N00L-20 20mm delay block 13 4 20   2360 17 28 20
                     
10N00L-40 40mm delay block 13 4 40   2360 17 28 40
10N55S 30-70° 27.26 3.24 8.35   2360 55° 30.5 28 17.5
shear wave angle block  
                   
                     

High Temperature Wedge

 
 
 
High temperature wedge enables testing on surface up to 200.
 
Maximum contact time is 10 seconds.
 
Cool to ambient before reuse.
 
 
 
Wedge Description X XT Z   Velocity Refracted L W H
Model mm mm mm   m/s Ang mm mm mm
   
    High Temperature Wedge          
64N00L-20-H 20mm Delay Block 73.5 10.5 20   2590 84 35.6 20
                     
64N00L-40-H 40mm Delay Block 73.5 10.5 40   2590 84 35.6 40
16N00L-20-H 20mm Delay Block 21.75 6.25 20   2590 28 31 20
                     
16N00L-40-H 40mm Delay Block 21.75 6.25 40   2590 28 31 40
8N00L-20-H 20mm Delay Block 11.25 3.75 20   2590 15 28 20
                     
8N00L-40-H 40mm Delay Block 11.25 3.75 40   2590 15 28 40
40N00L-20-H 20mm Delay Block 44.9 7.1 20   2590 52 31 20
                     
40N00L-40-H 40mm Delay Block 44.9 7.1 40   2590 52 31 40
32N00L-20-H 20mm Delay Block 38 7 20   2590 45 31 20
                     
32N00L-40-H 40mm Delay Block 38 7 40   2590 45 31 40
20N00L-20-H 20mm Delay Block 25.3 6.7 20   2590 32 31 20
                     
20N00L-40-H 40mm Delay Block 25.3 6.7 40   2590 32 31 40
10N00L-20-H 20mm Delay Block 13 4 20   2590 17 28 20
                     
10N00L-40-H 40mm Delay Block 13 4 40   2590 17 28 40
                     
 
Curved Wedge
 
All the wedge models available now can be customized with curvature.

Irrigation Wedge
 
Water is used as couplant;
 
Suitable for automatic inspection.
 
Conventional wedges with surface curvature can be made based
 
on requirement.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wedge Description X   XT Z Velocity Refracted L W H
Model mm   mm mm m/s Ang mm mm mm
   
      Irrigation Wedge          
8N55S-I 30-70° 21.69   3.31 8.4 2360 55° 25 39 15
shear wave angle block  
                   
                     
8N00L-20-I 20mm Delay Block 25.25   9.75 20 2360 35 28 20
8N00L-40-I 40mm Delay Block 25.25   9.75 40 2360 35 28 40
                     
16N55S-I 30-70° 34.94   5.06 9.67 2360 55° 40 43 22.5
shear wave angle block  
                   
16N00L-20-I 20mm Delay Block 43.5   4.5 20 2360 48 31 20
                     
16N00L-40-I 40mm Delay Block 43.5   4.5 40 2360 48 31 40
                     
 
 
Crawler for Phased Array
 
Different crawlers compatible with PA probes can be provided by SIUI.

Example of Phased Array Probe Test Report
 
 
Probe:5.0L64-1.0-10
 
Serial Number:********
 
Probe Information
 
Frequency: 5.0MHz
 
Probe Type: Linear Array
 
Element Count: 64
 
Cable Length: 2.0M
 
Active Area Dimension
 
Length: 64mm
 
Elevation: 10mm
 
Pitch: 1.0mm
 
Matching Medium: Rexolite


 
 
Probe Conformance Summary
 
Overall Vp-p Sensitivity: 2.39dB (<=3dB)
 
Average Center Frequency: 5.13MHz(5.0MHz+/-10%)
 
Average -6dB Bandwidth: 78.46%(>=60%)
 
Probe Test Condition
 
Instrument Model: 5052UA
 
Pulse Voltage: 120V
 
Pulse Type: Negative
 
Dumping: 50ohm
 
Energy: 1
 
Target Medium: Rexolite
 
Target Type: 25.4mm Plate

 
 
 
Probe Test Result
 
Parameters Unit Min Max Mean
Peak-Peak Sensitivity dB -47.61 -45.22 -46.79  
           
-20dB Pulse Length nS 582.4 636 605.23  
-6dB Center Frequency MHz 5.07 5.25 5.13  
           
-6dB Bandwidth % 74.59 80.39 78.46  
           
 
Probe Test Graph
 
1. Element Waveform:                                                    2. Element Waveform FFT:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SIUI can Provide

 
A series of phased array probes compatible with different phased array flaw detectors; Customization of phased array probes and wedges with different specifications.

TOFD Probes
 
Ordering Information:
 
      T2-12L-UN            
  TOFD                   Screw Thread Unit:M/ UN          
                       
                             
Frequency           Connector Type: L-LEMO 00,MD-Microdot        
                   
              LEMO 00 Connector Microdot Connector
                      Crystal dimension Φ12  
                     
                                     
            Frequency       Crystal Max. Pulse Housing      
                Diameter D1 Voltage Dimension Screw Thread    
  Probe             Compatible Wedge  
                        Unit  
            MHz       mm V mm    
                       
                                     
  T2-12L-** 2     12 -800 D2:18      
      H:32 M:M18x1    
                            TFD Series  
  T2-14L-** 2     14 -800 D2:18 UN:11/16-24UNEF  
         
      H:32      
                                 
                   
  Test ReportT2-14L-M/UN 9mm plexiglass test block          

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Frequency Crystal Max. Pulse Housing Screw Thread    
      Compatible Wedge  
Probe Diameter D1 Voltage Dimension  
  Unit  
  MHz mm V mm    
       
T2-10L-** 2 10 -800 D2:18      
H:32      
             
               
T2.5-10L-** 2.5 10 -700 D2:18      
H:32 M:M18x1    
        TFD Series  
T3.5-10L-** 3.5 10 -700 D2:18 UN:11/16-24UNEF  
   
H:32      
             
               
T5-10L-** 5 10 -500 D2:18      
H:32      
             
               

 
Test ReportT3.5-10L-M/UN 9mm plexiglass test block

  Frequency Crystal Max. Pulse Housing      
Probe Diameter D1 Voltage Dimension Screw Thread Compatible Wedge  
   
          Unit    
  MHz mm V mm    
       
T4-6L-** 4 6 -500 D2:11.5      
H:28.7      
             
               
T5-3L-** 5 3 -500 D2:11.5      
H:28.7      
             
          M:M10x1    
T5-6L-** 5 6 -500 D2:11.5 TFB Series  
H:28.7 UN:3/8-32UNEF  
           
               
T7.5-3L-** 7.5 3 -300 D2:11.5      
H:28.7      
             
               
T7.5-6L-** 7.5 6 -300 D2:11.5      
H:28.7      
             
               

 
Test ReportT5-6L-M/UN 9mm plexiglass test block
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Frequency Crystal Max. Pulse Housing Screw Thread    
Probe Diameter D1 Compatible Wedge  
   
  Voltage Dimension Unit  
  MHz mm    
           
               
T10-3L-** 10 3 -300 D2:11.5      
H:28.7      
             
          M:M10x1    
T10-6L-** 10 6 -300 D2:11.5 TFC Series  
H:28.7 UN:3/8-32UNEF  
           
               
T15-3L-** 15 3 -200 D2:11.5      
H:28.7      
             
               

 
Test ReportT10-3L-M/UN 9mm polystyrene test block
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SIUI can Provide
 
A series of TOFD probes compatible with different TOFD flaw detectors;
 
Customization of TOFD probes and wedges with different specifications.

Wedge for TOFD Probe
 
Ordering Information:
 
TFB-45-UN-I
 
Series Code             I:irrigation/ without “I” is non-irrigation
           
Refracted Angle in Steel       Screw Thread Unit:M/ UN
     
           
           
 
 
Non-irrigation Wedge

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wedge Type Velocity Refracted L W H D Screw Thread  
           
Model m/s Angle in Steel mm mm mm mm Unit  
   
         
                   
TFB-45-**   2730 45° 24 16 16 3 M:M10x1  
                 
TFB-60-**   2730 60° 24 16 16 3  
  UN:3/8-32UNEF  
                 
TFB-70-**   2730 70° 24 16 16 3  
     
                   
TFC-45-** Longitudinal 2360 45° 24 16 14.6 3 M:M10x1  
  wave wedge              
TFC-60-** 2360 60° 24 16 14.6 3  
UN:3/8-32UNEF  
                 
TFC-70-**   2360 70° 24 16 14.6 3  
     
                   
TFD-45-**   2730 45° 31 24 21.5 3 M:M18x1  
                 
TFD-60-**   2730 60° 31 24 21.5 3  
  UN:11/16-24UNEF  
                 
TFD-70-**   2730 70° 31 24 21.5 3  
     
                   

Irrigation Wedge

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wedge   Velocity Refracted L W H Outer Inner    
Type Aperture D Aperture D Screw Thread Unit  
Model   Angle in Steel        
  m/s mm mm mm mm mm    
         
TFB-45-**-I   2730 45 20 32 13 6 3 M:M10x1  
                   
TFB-60-**-I   2730 60 20 32 13 6 3  
  UN:3/8-32UNEF  
                   
TFB-70-**-I   2730 70 20 32 13 6 3  
     
                     
TFC-45-**-I Longitudinal 2360 45 20 32 12.5 6 3 M:M10x1  
                 
TFC-60-**-I 2360 60 20 32 12.5 6 3  
Wave Wedge UN:3/8-32UNEF  
                 
TFC-70-**-I 2360 70 20 32 12.5 6 3  
     
                     
TFD-45-**-I   2730 45 30.5 32 18 6 3 M:M18x1  
                   
TFD-60-**-I   2730 60 30.5 32 18 6 3  
  UN:11/16-24UNEF  
                   
TFD-70-**-I   2730 70 30.5 32 18 6 3  
     
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crawler for TOFD
 
Different crawlers compatible with TOFD probes can be provided by SIUI.

TOFD Probe Selection
 
(Based on ASTM E2373-04)
 
 
Probe selection shall be based on the application requirements. The following tables provide initial recommended probe parameters for specified thickness ranges in ferritic steels. For austenitic or other attenuative materials, nominal frequencies normally need to be reduced and element sizes increased.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table 1 For Steel Thickness Ranges up to 75 mm (3 in.)
 
Nominal Wall Nominal Frequency Element Size    
Thickness Recommended Angles  
     
mm(in.) MHz mm(in.)    
<12 (0.375) 10 to 15 2 to 6 (0.08 to 0.25) 60 to 70°  
12 to < 35 (0.375 to 1.4) 5 to 10 2 to 6 (0.08 to 0.25) 50 to 70°  
35 to < 75 (1.4 to 3) 2 to 5 6 to 12 (0.25 to 0.5) 45 to 65°  
           
 
 
 
For thickness ranges in steel 75 to 300 mm, the beam divergence from a single element is not likely to provide sufficient intensity for good detection over the entire thickness. For thickness 75 mm (3 in.) and greater (in steel) the examination piece shall be divided into multiple zones. For thickness 75 mm (3 in.) and greater (in steel) and when required in smaller thickness, sensitivity targets shall be placed in a reference block at least at 25% and 75% through thickness in each zone to verify that there is adequate beam coverage for the multiple zone technique used.
 
 
Table 2 For Steel Thickness Range 75 mm (3 in.) to 300 mm (12 in.)
 
Wall Thickness Zone Nominal Frequency Element Size Nominal Angles  
mm(in.) MHz mm(in.)  
   
<35 (0 to 1.4) 5 to 10 2 to 6 (0.08 to 0.25) 50 to 70°  
         
35 to < 100 (1.4 to 4) 2 to 7.5 6 to 12 (0.25 to 0.5) 45 to 65°  
100 to < 300 (4 to 12) 2 to 7.5 6 to 12 (0.25 to 0.5) 45 to 65°  
         
 
 
 
On thick sections requiring more than one TOFD pair the lateral wave or back-wall signal may not always be visible. Therefore, provision in the linearizing algorithms must be made to permit inputs of other parameters instead of the lateral and back-wall signal positions. For wall thickness less than 75 mm (3 in.), technique qualifications may require they too be divided into smaller ranges with each range addressed by a dedicated TOFD pair.

更多 NDT Equipment Sdn Bhd 相关资料
NDT Equipment Sdn Bhd
NDT Equipment Sdn Bhd Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing Selangor, Non-Destructive Testing Kuala Lumpur (KL), Ultrasonic Flaw Detector Supplier Malaysia ~ NDT Equipment Sdn Bhd