Hyperthyroidism, also known as hyperthyroidism, referred to as hyperthyroidism, hyperthyroidism, is an excess of triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4, also known as thyroxine) ) caused by clinical symptoms [1]. Thyrotoxicosis is a symptom caused by excessive thyroid hormone for any reason, and of course, hyperthyroidism. But sometimes these two words will also be mixed. Symptoms and signs vary from person to person and may include irritability, muscle weakness, inability to fall asleep, tachycardia, phobia, diarrhea, goiter, and weight loss. Older or pregnant women have less typical symptoms.
There is a rare complication called thyroid storm, in which the disease will worsen due to infection, and there will be symptoms such as unconsciousness, high fever, and even death. Hypothyroidism is a disease that is the opposite of hyperthyroidism. It means that the thyroid gland cannot secrete enough thyroid hormone.
About 50% to 80% of cases of hyperthyroidism in the United States are caused by diffuse toxic goiter. Other causes include multinodular goiter, thyroid adenoma, thyroiditis, excessive consumption of iodine, and excessive amounts of synthetic thyroid hormone. It may also be caused by pituitary adenomas, but this is relatively rare. Hyperthyroidism can be diagnosed against suspected symptoms and signs, and confirmed by blood tests. Typical blood tests result in hypothyroidism (TSH), as well as high levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4). Allowing the thyroid to take up radioactive iodine, thyroid scans, or TSI antibodies all contribute to the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.
The way patients are treated depends on the cause and severity of the disease. There are currently three main treatment modalities: radioactive iodine therapy, drug therapy, and thyroid surgery. Radioactive iodine treatment is achieved by oral administration of iodine-131, which concentrates radiation and destroys the thyroid gland, ranging from weeks to months. As for hypothyroidism, it is treated with synthetic thyroxine. Drug treatments such as beta blockers may control symptoms, and anti-thyroid drugs such as methimazole may temporarily help patients with other treatments. Another treatment is surgical removal of the thyroid gland, which can be used in patients with severe goiter or thyroid cancer. In the United States, hyperthyroidism affects approximately 1.2% of people. In patients with this condition, the incidence of women is about 2 to 10 times. The age of onset is usually between 20 and 50 years old, but is more common in people over 60 years of age.
What are the thyroid-promoting symptoms?
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Super nervous, anxious, nervous, emotional ups and downs, insomnia, easy to be scared;
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Trembling, muscle weakness, multiple words, active movement, periodic limb paralysis;
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Rapid heartbeat, palpitations, irregular heartbeat, elevated blood pressure;
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Increased diet, weight loss, thirst, and increased stool frequency;
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Wet skin, elevated body temperature, fear of heat, sweating, difficulty breathing, shortness;
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Eye protrusion, blurred vision, fear of light, eye pain, eye swelling, easy to tear;
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Appearance may be obvious throat swelling, neck thickening, throat foreign body sensation;
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Menstrual disorders or menopause, infertility, abortion;
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And all symptoms of autonomic nervous disorders may occur.
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Rapid metabolism
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are many, not necessarily typical of rapid heartbeat, anxiety, nervousness, weight loss, self-testing according to the following common symptoms:
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Whole body condition: anxiety, impatience, depression, irritability, easy fright, nervousness, insomnia, multiple words, active, weight loss, muscle weakness.
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Hair: Hair is sparse.
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Eyes: bulging eyes, eye swelling, eye pain, blurred vision, fear of light, foreign body sensation, corneal ulcers, easy to shed tears.
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Neck: The neck is thick, the thyroid is swollen, and the throat is oppressive.
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Circulatory system: palpitations, rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, and irregular heart rhythm.
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Nerves: Fingers tremble, cycle limbs paralysis.
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Digestion: The diet is greatly increased and the number of stools is increased.
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Skin: The skin is delicate and moist, afraid of heat, abnormal body temperature, white spots, night sweats, pigmentation, skin in front of the calf such as orange peel, red and itchy.
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Reproduction: less menstruation and disorder, infertility, miscarriage, premature birth.
什么是促甲状腺疾病？
甲状腺功能亢进症，又稱甲狀腺機能亢進症，簡稱甲狀腺亢進、甲亢，是一种由于体内过量的三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）和 四碘甲腺原氨酸（T4，也即甲状腺素）造成的临床症状[1]。而甲狀腺毒症是因為任何原因，甲狀腺激素過多所造成的症狀，當然也包括甲狀腺機能亢進症。不過有時這二個詞語也會混用。其症狀及體徵因人而異，可能包括煩躁、肌肉無力、無法入睡、心跳过速、畏热、腹瀉、甲状腺肿以及體重減輕。年紀較大或是懷孕中的婦女症狀較不典型。
有一種少見的併發症稱為甲狀腺風暴，其中也會因為感染使病情惡化，會有意識不清、發高燒等症狀，甚至會導致死亡。甲狀腺機能低下症是和甲狀腺機能亢進症相反的疾病，是指甲狀腺無法分泌足夠的甲狀腺激素。
美國甲狀腺亢進的病例中，約有50%至80%是因為弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿而造成。其他的病因包括多結節性甲狀腺腫、甲狀腺腺瘤、甲狀腺炎、碘食用過量，以及過量的合成甲狀腺激素。也有可能是因為垂體腺瘤導致，但這比較少見。甲狀腺亢進可以針對疑似的症狀及體徵進行診斷，再經由血液檢查來確認。典型的血液檢查結果會有過低的促甲状腺激素（TSH），以及偏高的三碘甲狀腺原氨酸（T3）及四碘甲腺原氨酸（T4）。讓甲狀腺攝取放射性碘、甲狀腺掃描或是TSI抗體都有助於甲狀腺亢進的診斷。
病患的治療方式取決於病因與疾病的嚴重程度。目前有三種主要的治療方式：放射性碘治療、藥物治療及甲狀腺手術。放射性碘治療的方式是藉由口服碘-131，使其集中放射線並破壞甲狀腺，療程大約數週至數月不等。至於甲狀腺機能低下症，是使用合成的甲狀腺素進行治療。藥物治療如β受體阻斷劑可能可以控制症狀，在其他治療效果較差時，像甲硫咪唑等抗甲狀腺藥可以暫時對病患有所幫助。另一種治療方式是手術去除甲狀腺，此方式可用於甲狀腺腫大嚴重或甲狀腺癌的患者。在美國，甲狀腺機能亢進影響了大約1.2%的人。此病症的患者，女性發生率約在2至10倍。患者的發病年齡常見於20至50歲，但在60歲以上更為常見。
促甲状腺症状有哪些？
Malaysia
