Description
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a complex, chronic and recurrent inflammatory itchy skin disorder. Eczema disrupts the skin barrier function and causes the skin to be more sensitive and prone to infection and dryness. Eczema is often associated with co-morbidities like skin infection, atopy, contact dermatitis, food allergy and cardiovascular diseases.
Common trigger factors of eczema are aeroallergen (eg. House dust, pollen, pets), physical irritants (eg. Nylon or wool clothing, soaps, detergents, disinfectants, shampoo, sweat), environmental factors (eg. Climate change, air pollution), food, microbial infection, personal factors (eg pregnancy). These trigger factors can worsen flares in eczema.
Topical therapy is the mainstay of treatment in eczema, which includes emollients (eg. Ointments, creams, lotions and gels), topical anti-inflammatory agents (steroid/non-steroidal) and topical antiseptic/antimicrobial agents. Systemic therapy includes adjunctive treatment (eg. Antihistamines and systemic antibiotics) and specific treatment of eczema (eg immunomodulating agents and biologics).
Patients with eczema should avoid long-duration of baths and allergens avoidance. They are encouraged to take fish oils, minerals, and vitamin D.
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