Pigmentation

Melanin is the pigment that produces the various shades and colours of human skin, hair and eyes. Pigmentation is determined by the amount of melanin. Melanin is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. When melanin is unevenly distributed, there will be spots or patches of skin with more melanin (e.g. freckles, age spots, melasma) or less melanin (e.g. albinism, vitiligo, skin damage).
 
Pigmentation issues such as melasma, sunspots, freckles, hori's nevi, seborrheic keratosis, and post-inflammatory pigmentation are common skin concerns that can affect people of all ages and skin types. While these conditions are generally harmless, they can be aesthetically distressing and affect a person's self-esteem. Fortunately, there are several treatments available that can help to improve the appearance of pigmentation issues.
 

• Melasma: Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark patches on the face. It is often caused by hormonal changes and sun exposure. Treatment options for melasma may include topical creams or ointments containing hydroquinone, retinoids, or corticosteroids. Chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser therapy may also be used to help reduce the appearance of melasma.
• Sunspots: Sunspots are small, dark spots on the skin that are caused by sun exposure. Treatment options for sunspots may include topical creams or ointments containing hydroquinone, retinoids, or azelaic acid. Cryotherapy, chemical peels, and laser therapy may also be used to help reduce the appearance of sunspots.
• Freckles: Freckles are small, flat brown spots on the skin that are caused by genetics and sun exposure. Treatment options for freckles may include topical creams or ointments containing hydroquinone or retinoids. Cryotherapy, chemical peels, and laser therapy may also be used to help reduce the appearance of freckles.
• Hori's Nevus: Hori's nevus is a type of pigmentation that appears as blue-grey or brown spots on the skin. It is generally due to genetics. Treatment options for Hori's nevus may include laser therapy or a combination of topical creams and chemical peels.
• Seborrheic Keratosis: Seborrheic keratosis is a common skin condition that causes raised, wart-like growths on the skin. While these growths are generally benign, they can be unsightly. Treatment options for seborrheic keratosis may include cryotherapy, curettage and electrosurgery, or laser therapy.
• Post-inflammatory pigmentation: Post-inflammatory pigmentation is a type of pigmentation that occurs after an injury or inflammation of the skin. Treatment options for post-inflammatory pigmentation may include topical creams or ointments containing hydroquinone or retinoids. Chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser therapy may also be used to help reduce the appearance of post-inflammatory pigmentation.