HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (also known as T cells), which are essential for a strong immune response. Here’s a detailed overview:
How HIV Works
- Target Cells: HIV primarily targets CD4 cells, which are crucial for fighting infections. The virus attaches to these cells, enters them, and then replicates inside them.
- Immune System Damage: As HIV replicates, it destroys the CD4 cells. Over time, this leads to a weakened immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections and diseases.
Transmission
- Sexual Contact: HIV is transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person.
- Blood: Sharing needles or syringes with someone who is infected can transmit the virus. It can also be transmitted through blood transfusions if the blood is contaminated (though this is rare in places with stringent blood screening).
- Mother to Child: HIV can be passed from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
- Other Routes: Less commonly, HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids or through open wounds and mucous membranes.
Symptoms
- Acute HIV Infection: Shortly after exposure, some people experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, known as acute retroviral syndrome (ARS).
- Chronic HIV: Without treatment, HIV progresses to a chronic stage where symptoms may be minimal for years, though the virus continues to damage the immune system.
- AIDS: If untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), characterized by a very low CD4 count and the development of opportunistic infections or cancers.
Diagnosis
- Testing: HIV is diagnosed through blood tests that detect either the virus itself or antibodies produced in response to the virus. Common tests include ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and rapid tests.
Early detection and consistent treatment can manage HIV effectively and prevent the progression to AIDS, allowing individuals to live healthy lives.If you have concerns about vaginal health or related issues, consulting a medical professional for a thorough evaluation and personalized advice is highly recommended. For specific guidance and expert assessment, you might consider scheduling a consultation with Venus Clinic, where you can receive tailored recommendations and support.
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